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Some of these materials included bricks, mortar, tiles and stone. This new community setup made construction using heavier, more permanent materials desirable. Thus began what has been called the first golden age of building in stone.
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For this purpose, the Chinese and the indigenous Filipinos were taught how to quarry and dress stone, how to prepare and use mortar, and how to mold bricks. īy 1587, Governor General Santiago de Vera required all buildings in Manila to be built of stone. Sedeño built the first stone building, which was the residence of Bishop Salazar. By the mid-1580s, through the efforts of Domingo Salazar, the first bishop of Manila, and of the Jesuit Antonio Sedeño, edifices began to be constructed of stone. The Spaniards then quickly introduced the idea of building more permanent communities with the church and government center as a focal points. Manila during the early 1900s was filled with bahay na bato architecture on its streets. Pre- World War II Calle Sebastian (now Hidalgo Street with the San Sebastian Church in the background), once dubbed as the most beautiful street in Manila. The 19th century was the golden age of the bahay na bato, when wealthy Filipinos built them all over the archipelago. The bahay na bato was popular among the elite or middle-class. Horses for carriages were housed in stables called caballerizas. Roof styles, were traditionally high-pitched, with later designs evolving to resemble the simpler East Asian hip-and-gable roof. The roof materials are either tiled, or thatched ( nipa, sago palm, or cogon), with later 19th-century designs featuring galvanization. The second floor is the elevated residential apartment, as it is with the bahay kubo. The posts are placed behind Spanish-style solid stone blocks or bricks concealing storage rooms, cellars, shops, or other business-related functions. Its most common appearance features an elevated, overhanging wooden upper story (with balustrades, ventanillas, and capiz shell sliding windows) standing on wooden posts in a rectangular arrangement as a foundation.
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The bahay na bato fuses the native Austronesian bahay kubo form with influences from Spanish, Chinese, and later, early 20th-century American architecture, supporting the multicultural nature of Philippine history. Its design has evolved throughout the ages, but still maintains the bahay kubo 's architectural principle of adaptation to the tropical climate, stormy season, and earthquake-prone environment of the Philippines. It is an updated version of the traditional bahay kubo of the Christianized lowlanders, known for its use of masonry in its construction, using stone and brick materials and later synthetic concrete, rather than exclusively fully organic materials of the traditional style. The Rizal Shrine in Calamba is an example of bahay na bato.īahay na bato ( Tagalog, literally "house of stone", also known in Visayan as balay na bato or balay nga bato) is a type of building originating during the Philippines' Spanish Colonial period.